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Ionic intractions of calcium sulfate dihydrate in aqueous calcium chloride solutions:
(2020-11-27) Kumar, Arvind; Mohandas, V.P.; Susarla, V.R.K.S.; Ghosh, P.K
The thermodynamic, volumetric, transport, and surface properties, solubilities, densities, viscosities, electrical conductivities, and surface tensions of calcium sulfate dihydrate in aqueous sodium chloride solutions have been measured at 35 ∘C, with a view to determine the ionic interactions that occur in these solutions. The experimental density values have been used to calculate the mean apparent molar volumes of the ternary mixtures. Viscosity values have been analyzed using different empirical equations and the experimental values of the viscosity were combined with conductivity to yield the Walden product. Molar surface energies have been computed using experimental surface tension data. The experimental data have been fitted to polynomial equations by a least-squares analysis to obtain the coefficients and their standard errors. Results have been examined in the light of “structure making” or “structure breaking” effects of the various ions present in the solutions.
Cycloaddition profile of pentafulvenes with 3-oxidopyrylium betaine: Experimental and theoretical investigations. K
(elsevier, 2013-09-13) Kuthanapillil, Jinesh M; Nijamudheen, A.; Joseph, Nayana; Prakash, Praveen; Suresh, E; Datta, Ayan; Radhakrishnan, K V
A detailed investigation on the effect of solvent polarity, temperature, and microwave irradiation on
periselectivity in cycloaddition reactions of pentafulvenes with 3-oxidopyrylium betaine is described.
The base catalyzed generation of 3-oxidopyrylium betaine in CHCl3 resulted in the exclusive formation of
[6þ3] adducts. With increase in solvent polarity and temperature, mixtures of [6þ3] and [3þ2] adducts
were formed, where as under microwave irradiation, [3þ2] adducts were formed exclusively. The
experimental results have been rationalized on the basis of theoretical calculations.
Physiological and Biochemical Responses Reveal the Drought Tolerance Efficacy of the Halophyte Salicornia brachiata
(2014-02-06) Parida, Asish Kumar; Jha, Bhavanath
The drought tolerance of Salicornia brachiata
seedlings was assessed by monitoring growth, nutrient
uptake, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and biochemical
responses under drought conditions simulated
with 0, 10, 20, and 30 % polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000).
After 7 days of drought induction, plants were harvested
for measurement of various parameters. The biomass
decreased and the plant height remained unchanged with
PEG treatment. The total plant water content (TWC%)
decreased by 11 % at the highest concentration of PEG
(30 %). The electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation of
shoots increased by 17 and 5 %, respectively, in 30 %
PEG-treated plants. K? and Ca2? contents of shoots
increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, in roots
K? content decreased and Ca2? content remained unaffected
by PEG treatment. Mg2? content increased at high
concentrations of PEG (20–30 %) in shoots and decreased
at the highest concentration of PEG (30 %) in roots. Total
free amino acids, proline, and polyphenol contents
increased progressively with increase in severity of the
drought stress. Total sugar content and reducing sugar
content increased in 10 and 20 % PEG-treated plants and
decreased in 30 % PEG-treated plants. Our results suggest
that proline and other free amino acids, sugars, and polyphenols
are the main compatible solutes in S. brachiata for
maintenance of osmotic balance, protection of cellular
macromolecules, detoxification of the cells, and scavenging
of free radicals under drought stress. A greater
Impacts of Climate Change on Asian Mangrove Forests
(2014-02-06) Parida, Asish Kumar; Tiwari, Vivekanand; Bhavanath, Jha
Mangroves are woody trees and shrubs which thrive in the inhospitable
zone between land and sea along the tropical and subtropical coasts of the globe.
Mangroves have made significant contributions to the economical status of the coastal
communities of tropical regions for centuries, affording a large number of goods and
services such aswood and timber production, salt production, support for commercial
and subsistence fisheries, protection of shoreline from cyclones and typhoons and
controlling coastal erosion. It has been estimated that the total mangrove area of the
world was 137,760 km2 in 2000, and Asia occupies the largest mangrove covering
area in the world. The mangrove forests of Asia are currently threatened by many
human activities. Besides the overexploitation of mangrove ecosystems by human
activities, climate changes pose serious impacts on Asian mangrove forests. The
recent studies that have focused on various climate change components affecting the
mangrove forests will be discussed in this chapter with special emphasis on Asian
mangrove forests. The changes in the temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentration,
precipitation, storms, ocean circulation patterns, hydrology (flows of tidal and fresh